Amazon Redshift pricing

• Amazon Redshift node types: Choose the best cluster configuration and node type for your needs, and can pay for capacity by the hour with Amazon Redshift on-demand pricing. When you choose on-demand pricing, you can use the pause and resume feature to suspend on-demand billing when a cluster is not in use. You can also choose Reserved Instances instead of on-demand instances for steady-state workloads and get significant discounts over on-demand pricing.
  
• Amazon Redshift Spectrum pricing: Run SQL queries directly against the data in your Amazon S3 data lake, out to exabytes—you simply pay for the number of bytes scanned.
  
• Concurrency Scaling pricing: Each cluster earns up to one hour of free Concurrency Scaling credits per day, which is sufficient for 97% of customers. This enables you to provide consistently fast performance, even with thousands of concurrent queries and users. You simply pay a per-second on-demand rate for usage that exceeds the free credits.
  
• RMS pricing: Pay only for the data you store in RA3 clusters, independent of the number of compute nodes provisioned. You simply pay hourly for the total amount of data in managed storage. RMS is also used with Amazon Redshift Serverless.

Amazon Redshift on-demand pricing allows you to pay for provisioned capacity by the hour with no commitments and no upfront costs for the specific node type you choose to run your data warehouse on. Simply pay an hourly rate based on the chosen type and number of nodes in your cluster and you will be billed as long as the cluster is running. Partial hours are billed in one-second increments following a billable status change such as creating, deleting, pausing, or resuming the cluster. The pause and resume feature allows you to suspend on-demand billing during the time the cluster is paused. Pause and Resume is a manual or scheduled operation on Redshift node types. During the time that a cluster is paused you pay only for backup storage. This frees you from planning and purchasing data warehouse capacity ahead of your needs, and enables you to cost-effectively manage environments for development or test purposes. For a Multi-AZ deployment, you would pay the same billing rates but for double the compute as you would pay for a single-AZ deployment.

You pay for data stored in managed storage at a fixed GB-month rate for your region. Managed storage comes exclusively with RA3 node types, and you pay the same low rate for Redshift managed storage regardless of data size. Usage of managed storage is calculated hourly based on the total data present in the managed storage (see example below converting usage in GB-Hours to charges in GB- Month). You can monitor the amount of data in your RA3 cluster via Amazon CloudWatch or the AWS Management Console. You do not pay for any data transfer charges between RA3 nodes and managed storage. Managed storage charges do not include back up storage charges due to automated and manual snapshots. Once the cluster is terminated, you continue to be charged for the retention of your manual backups.

Pricing example for managed storage pricing

Amazon Redshift Spectrum allows you to directly run SQL queries against exabytes of data in Amazon S3. You are charged for the number of bytes scanned by Redshift Spectrum, rounded up to the next megabyte, with a 10 MB minimum per query. There are no charges for Data Definition Language (DDL) statements such as CREATE/ALTER/DROP TABLE for managing partitions and failed queries.

Amazon Redshift Serverless queries of external data in Amazon S3 are not billed for separately and are included in the amount billed for Amazon Redshift Serverless in RPU-hr amounts.

You can improve query performance and reduce costs by storing data in a compressed, partitioned, and columnar data format. If you compress data using one of Redshift Spectrum’s supported formats, your costs will decrease because less data is scanned. Similarly, if you store data in a columnar format, such as Apache Parquet or Optimized Row Columnar (ORC), your charges will decrease because Redshift Spectrum only scans columns required by the query.

Additional costs

You are charged for the Amazon Redshift cluster used to query data with Redshift Spectrum. Redshift Spectrum queries data directly in Amazon S3. You are charged standard S3 rates for storing objects in your S3 buckets, and for requests made against your S3 buckets. For details, refer to Amazon S3 rates. 

If you use the AWS Glue Data Catalogue with Amazon Redshift Spectrum, you are charged standard AWS Glue Data Catalogue rates. For details, refer to AWS Glue pricing.

When using Amazon Redshift Spectrum to query AWS Key Management Service (KMS) encrypted data in Amazon S3, you are charged standard AWS KMS rates. For details, refer to AWS KMS pricing.

Amazon Redshift automatically adds transient capacity to provide consistently fast performance, even with thousands of concurrent users and queries. There are no resources to manage, no upfront costs, and you are not charged for the startup or shutdown time of the transient clusters. You can accumulate one hour of Concurrency Scaling cluster credits every 24 hours while your main cluster is running. You are charged the per-second on-demand rate for a Concurrency Scaling cluster used in excess of the free credits—only when it's serving your queries—with a one-minute minimum charge each time a Concurrency Scaling cluster is activated. The per-second on-demand rate is based on the type and number of nodes in your Amazon Redshift cluster.

Amazon Redshift Serverless automatically scales resources up and down as needed to meet workload needs by default and there are no separate charges for Concurrency Scaling.

Concurrency Scaling credits

Redshift clusters earn up to one hour of free Concurrency Scaling credits per day. Credits are earned on an hourly basis for each active cluster in your AWS account, and can be consumed by the same cluster only after credits are earned. You can accumulate up to 30 hours of free Concurrency Scaling credits for each active cluster. Credits do not expire as long as your cluster is not terminated.

Pricing example for Concurrency Scaling

A 10 RA3.4xlarge node Redshift cluster in the region costs EUR 38.42 per hour. Consider a scenario where two transient clusters are used for five minutes beyond the free Concurrency Scaling credits. The per-second on-demand rate for Concurrency Scaling is EUR 38.42 x 1/3600 = EUR 0.01007 per second. The additional cost for Concurrency Scaling in this case is EUR 0.01007 per second x300 seconds x 2 transient clusters = EUR 6.04. Therefore, the total cost of the Redshift cluster and the two transient clusters is EUR 44.46.

Reserved Instances are appropriate for steady-state production workloads, and offer significant discounts over on-demand pricing of Amazon Redshift node types. Customers typically purchase Reserved Instances after running experiments and proof-of-concepts to validate production configurations.

You can benefit from significant savings over on-demand rates by committing to use Amazon Redshift for a one- or three-year term. Reserved Instance pricing is specific to the node type purchased, and remains in effect until the reservation term ends. Prices include two additional copies of data - one on the cluster nodes and one in Amazon S3. We take care of backup, durability, availability, security, monitoring, and maintenance for you.

There are three options for Reserved Instance pricing:

No Upfront – You pay nothing upfront, and you commit to pay monthly over the course of one year.

Partial Upfront – You pay a portion of the Reserved Instance upfront, and the remainder over a one- or three-year term.

All Upfront – You pay for the entire Reserved Instance term (one or three years) with one upfront payment.

Reserved Instances are a billing concept and are not used to create data warehouse clusters. When you make a purchase, you will be charged the associated upfront and monthly fees even if you are not currently running a cluster, or if an existing cluster is paused. To purchase Reserved Instances, visit the Reserved Nodes tab in the Redshift console.

We may terminate the Reserved Instance pricing program at any time. In addition to being subject to Reserved Instance pricing, Reserved Instances are subject to all data transfer and other fees applicable under the AWS Customer Agreement or other agreement with us governing your use of our services.

*This is the average monthly payment over the course of the Reserved Instance term. For each month, the actual monthly payment will equal the actual number of hours in that month multiplied by the hourly usage rate or number of seconds in that month multiplied by the hourly usage rate divided by 3600, depending on the Redshift instance type you run. The hourly usage rate is equivalent to the total average monthly payments over the term of the Reserved Instance divided by the total number of hours (based on a 365 day year) over the term of the Reserved Instance.

** Effective hourly pricing helps you calculate the amount of money a Reserved Instance will save you over On-Demand pricing. When you purchase a Reserved Instance, you are billed for every hour during the entire Reserved Instance term you select, regardless of whether the instance is running. The effective hourly price shows the amortized hourly instance cost. This takes the total cost of the Reserved Instance over the entire term, including any upfront payment, and spreads it out over each hour of the Reserved Instance term.

*** For Reserved Instances, add the upfront payment to the hourly rate multiplied by the number of hours in the term, and divide by the number of years in the term and number of TB per node. For RA3, data stored in managed storage is billed separately based on actual data stored in the RA3 node types; effective price per TB per year is calculated only for the compute node costs.